Nursing interventions on the risks of glycemic instability in highly complex patients - sistematic literature review

Abstract

Abstract: Diabetes control seeks to avoid changes in blood glucose, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, leading to complications such as inflammatory and thrombotic events and increased hospital mortality. The objective of this research is to present in the literature the best available scientific evidence to prevent the risk of unstable glycemia in the patient in an intensive care unit, Using the PICO strategy. Methodology: this work is a bibliographical review, carried out through computerized research, with the collection of scientific evidence. The following databases are used: Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Libary Online (SciELO). The following inclusion criteria were used for the selection of 10 articles: scientific articles published in the period 2010-2016, national, international and specialized, Available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with a focus on the adult / elderly. Responding to the clinical question: the best nursing intervention found is for the nurse to perform glycemic control and to monitor the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. For this, it is necessary the knowledge on the part of all the nursing team about the benefits of maintaining a normal blood glucose, favoring the acceptance of the control protocol to be used. Conclusion: The nurse is the most responsible professional within the nursing team in maintaining the patient's blood glucose levels within the appropriate, Since it is the one that should have the greatest number of information for the best control of glucose and decrease the damage to the patient. It is up to him to disseminate this knowledge with his team, to encourage the accomplishment of control protocols in a correct way avoiding the variability of glucose and its damages to the organism.